A time clause begins with ‘when’, ‘as soon as’, ‘before’ and ‘after’. The construction form is the same as the first conditional for the future.
We'll begin as soon as he arrives.
She will join the club when she's ready.
Clauses that refer to future time are formed with the verb in the PRESENT tense:
When I finish my lunch, we will play golf.
After we play golf, we are going to go to a party.
As soon as we arrive at the party, they will put the steaks on.
Before we eat our steaks, we will sit around and talk.
Until the party ends, there will be plenty of food. (More on Future Time Clauses) Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 4 Quiz
[3] First Conditional
We use the First Conditional to talk about future events that are likely to happen.
If we take John, he'll be really pleased.
If you give me some money, I'll pay you back tomorrow.
If they tell us they want it, we'll have to give it to them.
If Mary comes, she'll want to drive.
The 'if' clause can be used with different present forms.
If I go to New York again, I'll buy you a souvenir from the Empire State Building.
If he's feeling better, he'll come.
If she hasn't heard the bad news yet, I'll tell her.
The "future clause" can contain 'going to' or the future perfect as well as 'will'.
If I see him, I'm going to tell him exactly how angry I am.
If we don't get the contract, we'll have wasted a lot of time and money.
The "future clause" can also contain other modal verbs such as 'can' and 'must'.
If you go to New York, you must have the cheesecake in Lindy's.
Linking words are essential for your writing to be natural and clear. Linking devices vary in three ways: 1. Position in the text. Some linking words normally form a link between clauses WITHIN a sentence. It is bad style to start a sentence with these words: and but so because then until such as are examples of this type of linking word. Another type of linking device is used to form a link BETWEEN sentences. These words must start with a capital letter and are usually immediately followed by a comma: Furthermore, Moreover, However, Nevertheless, Therefore, In conclusion, are used in this way. Most linking words, however, can either start a sentence or form a link between sentences. The choice is up to the writer. 2. The function of linking words Linking devices are neither nouns, nor verbs. They provide a text with cohesion and illustrate how the parts of the text relate to each other. Here are some of the functions which linking words provide. Adding extra information to the main point, contrasting ideas, expressing cause and effect, showing exactly when something happened (narrating), expressing purpose (why?) and opinion, listing examples, making conclusions and giving emphasis. Here is a list of the principal linking words in English, their function and if their position is usually fixed. Linking words - by Viv Quarry
Adding and
Contrasting
Expressing cause / reason
*and as well as besides Moreover, Furthermore, What is more, In addition, not only .... but also another point is that
relative clauses who where that ,which whose to whom when what why
*but However, Although despite In spite of Nevertheless, On the contrary, on the one hand on the other hand, whereas while but while In contrast, Neither...nor
because as since This is why because of Due to Owing to For this reason,
Expressing effect / result *so so....that such a...that Therefore Thus Consequently, As a result, too...for/to not enough...for/to
Narration
Expressing purpose
First (of all) At first At the beginning In the beginning then next Before After After that When While during Soon
immediately Once Suddenly As soon as on No sooner....than Hardly...when Finally Eventually At the end In the end At last To begin with, until
to so as to in order that so that for (Non-specific)
Expressing opinion I would say that In my opinion, I think (that) I believe (that) Personally Apparently,
Giving examples
Summing up / concluding
Emphasis
for example, for instance, For one thing, this includes such as e.g.. (for example) i.e. (that is)
All in all overall generally In conclusion, on the whole in the main To sum up,
especially particularly Naturally, exactly because above all Whatever Whenever too / enough The more ....
* Avoid starting a sentence with these words. The linking words beginning with a capital letter often start a sentence, For those without, position in a sentence is optional.
Read more on linking words at http://www.somers.k12.ny.us/sis/MAIN/writing/transitional_words.html
Grammar Points:
[1] Present Continuous (doing) Vs Future Simple (going to do) Vs Future Simple (will do)
Language point: Present Continuous for future arrangements
Planned Future actions
Ask about English:
Future Forms 1
Future Forms 2
Future Forms 3
[2] Conditional and Time Clauses
A time clause begins with ‘when’, ‘as soon as’, ‘before’ and ‘after’. The construction form is the same as the first conditional for the future.
We'll begin as soon as he arrives.
She will join the club when she's ready.
Clauses that refer to future time are formed with the verb in the PRESENT tense:
When I finish my lunch, we will play golf.
After we play golf, we are going to go to a party.
As soon as we arrive at the party, they will put the steaks on.
Before we eat our steaks, we will sit around and talk.
Until the party ends, there will be plenty of food. (More on Future Time Clauses)
Activity 1
Activity 2
Activity 3
Activity 4
Quiz
[3] First Conditional
We use the First Conditional to talk about future events that are likely to happen.
The 'if' clause can be used with different present forms.
The "future clause" can contain 'going to' or the future perfect as well as 'will'.
The "future clause" can also contain other modal verbs such as 'can' and 'must'.
Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 4
Activity 5 Activity 6 Activity 7 Activity 8
Activity 9 Activity 10
[4] Linking Words
Linking words are essential for your writing to be natural and clear.
Linking devices vary in three ways:
1. Position in the text.
Some linking words normally form a link between clauses WITHIN a sentence. It is bad style to start a sentence with these words:
and but so because then until such as
are examples of this type of linking word.
Another type of linking device is used to form a link BETWEEN sentences. These words must start with a capital letter and are usually immediately followed by a comma:
Furthermore, Moreover, However, Nevertheless, Therefore, In conclusion,
are used in this way.
Most linking words, however, can either start a sentence or form a link between sentences. The choice is up to the writer.
2. The function of linking words
Linking devices are neither nouns, nor verbs. They provide a text with cohesion and illustrate how the parts of the text relate to each other. Here are some of the functions which linking words provide.
Adding extra information to the main point, contrasting ideas, expressing cause and effect, showing exactly when something happened (narrating), expressing purpose (why?) and opinion, listing examples, making conclusions and giving emphasis.
Here is a list of the principal linking words in English, their function and if their position is usually fixed.
Linking words - by Viv Quarry
as well as
besides
Moreover,
Furthermore,
What is more,
In addition,
not only .... but also
another point is that
relative clauses
who where
that ,which
whose to whom
when what
why
However,
Although
despite
In spite of
Nevertheless,
On the contrary,
on the one hand
on the other hand,
whereas
while
but while
In contrast,
Neither...nor
as
since
This is why
because of
Due to
Owing to
For this reason,
Expressing effect / result
*so
so....that
such a...that
Therefore
Thus
Consequently,
As a result,
too...for/to
not enough...for/to
At first
At the beginning
In the beginning
then
next
Before
After
After that
When
While
during
Soon
Once
Suddenly
As soon as
on
No sooner....than
Hardly...when
Finally
Eventually
At the end
In the end
At last
To begin with,
until
so as to
in order that
so that
for (Non-specific)
Expressing opinion
I would say that
In my opinion,
I think (that)
I believe (that)
Personally
Apparently,
for instance,
For one thing,
this includes
such as e.g.. (for example)
i.e. (that is)
overall
generally
In conclusion,
on the whole
in the main
To sum up,
particularly
Naturally,
exactly because
above all
Whatever
Whenever
too / enough
The more ....
The linking words beginning with a capital letter often start a sentence, For those without, position in a sentence is optional.
Read more on linking words at http://www.somers.k12.ny.us/sis/MAIN/writing/transitional_words.html
Credits:http://esl.about.com/od/grammarintermediate/p/tip126.htm
http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/firstconditional/menu.php